Why this query explorer matters
Association tells you what tends to go together. Intervention tells you what would happen if you forced a change. Counterfactual tells you what would have happened for this specific patient under different circumstances. These are three distinct questions — and they have three distinct answers, even on the same data and the same model.
Rung 1 (obs) leaves all back-door paths open: conditioning on this patient's age and SES mixes causal signal with selection bias. Rung 2 (do) severs those incoming edges, isolating the downstream causal effect of the medication level. Rung 3 (counterfactual) anchors the patient's individual background — abducting their U node values from actual observations — then asks what would have happened for that specific person under a different prescription. Use the tabs above to decompose which paths carry the effect, how large the confounding gap is, and what the U nodes reveal about this patient's individual causal fingerprint.
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